Biographic28,822
Bibliographic93,161
ID: | Y00376 | ||||
Name
ឈ្មោះ
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Hun Sen (DC, BK, p. 158)
(DC, BK, p. 158)
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Source of Documents / Information
ប្រភពនៃឯកសារ/ពត៌មាន
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DC, BK, pp. 158-198 / BK, PPR, pp. 266, 370-1, 455 / BKI 21.10.80, pp. 11-19 / BKI 23.9.91 / Washington Post, 30.10.89 / International Herald Tribune, 2.11.89 and 6.11.89 / WSJ 31.3.92
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Gender
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Male (BK, PPR, p. 370)
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ភេទ
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ប្រុស (BK, PPR, p. 370)
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Physical Characteristics
បុគ្គលិកលក្ខណៈ
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Date of Birth
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1952???? (BK, PPR, p. 370) ~ 1951???? (BKI 21.10.80, p. 11)
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Pre DK Education
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high school (DC, BK, p. 158) ~ Wat Tuk La'ak, Phnom Penh (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17)
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Pre DK Education
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;notes: student (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17) ~ ;notes: water-seller (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17) ~ ;notes: messenger (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17)
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កំរិតសិក្សាមុនរបបខ្មែរក្រហម
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Death Place: |
KR Rank Pre 75-79
តួនាទី មុនរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975)
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platoon commander, Memot (1970-1971)(BKI 21.10.80, p. 17) ~ company political chief, 1971-1973 (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17) ~ 55th Battalion political chief (protean niyobay), 1974-1975 (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17)
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KR Rank 75-79
តួនាទីក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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Regimental Commander, 197703?? ;notes: responsible for border between Region 21 and Vietnam (DC, BK, p. 171) ~ Officer, 55th Company, Special Forces Regiment, Region 21, 1975???? (BK, PPR, p. 266) ~ Regimental Chief of Staff (BK, PPR, p. 266) ~ Deputy Commander, Special Regiment, Region 21, 1977???? (BK, PPR, p. 370) ~ a regimental "commander" (Khmer term unavailable);notes: 1975-1977 (BKI 21.10.80) ~ chief of staff, Special Regiment (Memot border), Region 21, Eastern Zone ;notes: from September 1975 (BKI 23.9.91) ~ chief of staff and deputy commander, Special Regiment (Memot border), Region 21, Eastern Zone ;notes: from early 1977 (BKI 23.9.91)
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DK Zone 75-79
ទីតាំងភូមិសាស្រ្តរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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E, 21 (DC, BK, p. 158) ~ E, 21 (BK, PPR, p. 266) ~ E, 21, Memot (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17)
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DK ORG Unit 75-79
អង្គភាពក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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CPK military (DC, BK, p. 158) ~ military (BK, PPR, p. 266) ~ military (BKI 21.10.80, p. 17)
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DK ORG Unit 75-79
អង្គភាពក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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Regiment, Region 21 (DC, BK, p. 158) ~ 55th Company, Special Forces Regiment, Region 21, 1975???? (BK, PPR, p. 266) ~ Special Regiment, Region 21, to 197707?? (BK, PPR, p. 370) ~ Special Regiment, Region 21, Eastern Zone (Memot border)(BK-GD 15)
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Persecutor Of
ធ្លាប់ធ្វើបាប
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hospital patients, Kampong Cham city, Region 41, Northern Zone ;code: 1.56, killed, 197309?? ;notes: "when overrunning two hospitals, Heng Samrin's and Hun Sen's troops threw hand grenades and later slit the throats of critically ill patients" (Saren Thac
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Activities
សកម្មភាពមុនឆ្នាំ
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fled to Vietnam, 197707?? (DC, BK, p. 171) ~ In 1966, studied at Wat Tuk La'ak in Phnom Penh; worked with an older cousin, Niv Kien, 38, a teacher and a "doctor" who was a member of the party [WPK?]; with other students at the wat, Hun Sen "sold bread with letters inside." Niv Kien, who was "active in Prey Nup and elsewhere," was arrested in 1967 and disappeared. Hun Sen fled to Kratie and became a water seller; in 1969 he made contact with Mey Pho [in Memot?]and became a messenger for him. In 1969 he claims to have "organized a youth movement" against land seizures in Memot. "Then truckloads of police came" and Hun Sen fled back to Kratie (BKI 21.10.80, pp. 17-18 ) ~ "joined the movement on 14 April 1970" as platoon commander of 30 troops in an area commanded by Nat (BKI 23.9..91) ~ after the U.S. April 1970 invasion, only 16 troops remained (BKI 23.9.91) ~ in 1971, became a platoon commander again (BKI 23.9.91) ~ studied special commando tactics for 10 months in a training school in Damber run by Khmer and Vietnamese instructors for 78 students, including 6 university students; followed by 2 months' practical training (BKI 23.9.91) ~ alleged to have participated in Khmer Rouge attack on Kampong Cham city, Northern Zone, 1973 (Saren Thach, in Washington Post, 30.10.89, and in International Herald Tribune, 2.11.89 (see also 6.11.89, response by Elizabeth Becker)) ~ participated in battle for Phnom Penh, April 1975, and was wounded on April 16, losing an eye and recuperating in hospital until November 1975 (BK, PPR, p. 266)
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Associates
អ្នកជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធដ៏ទៃទៀត
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Kim Teng ;notes: nephew of So Phim (military trainer)(DC, BK, p. 158) ~ Chum Sei, deputy political comissar (DC, BK, p. 171) ~ Chum Horl (BKI 23.9.91)
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Political Party
ការចូលរួមបក្សនយោបាយ
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CPK ;notes: joined in "early 1971" (BKI 21.10.80, p. 18)
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Resistance
សកម្មភាពប្រឆាំង
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ordered to attack Vietnamese territory at Or Lu in Loc Ninh Province; says that he, Sok Sat, and Chum Sei refused to do so, 197703?? (DC, BK, p. 171) ~ refused to attack the Vietnamese village of Or Lu after his superiors were purged, 197704?? (BK, PPR, p. 370) ~ defected and fled to Vietnamese border, July 1977 (BK, PPR, p. 371) ~ attempted contact with So Phim, driving in Vietnamese tank to Kandol Chrum Township, Eastern Zone, 19771222 (DC, BK, p. 172) ~ ordered to report for duty to engage in repression of the Cham revolt in September 1975, but says he declined to do so (BK, PPR, p. 266)
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Superiors
អ្នកដឹកនាំ
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Kun Deth, chief of staff, Region 21 armed forces (BKI 23.9.91) ~ Sok Sat, political commissar, Special Regiment (Memot border), Region 21 (BKI 23.9.91) ~ Chum Horl, commander, Special Regiment (Memot border), Region 21 (BKI 23.9.91) ~ Chum Sei, deputy political commissar (BKI 23.9.91)
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Copyright
រក្សាសិទ្ធិដោយ
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© DC-CAM | |
© មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឯកសារកម្ពុជា |
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Concept by Ean Panharith and Youk Chhang
© 2023 Documentation Center of Cambodia
The Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide
By Youk Chhang
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stands alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as one of the key pillars of international human rights law, and for this Human Rights Day in 2022, I want to highlight the critical importance of the responsibility to prevent atrocity crimes, which includes genocide. When atrocity crimes occur, there is an immediate need to stop these atrocious acts, followed by the equally urgent tasks of documenting, investigating, and ultimately prosecuting the perpetrators. However, from 1948 to today, we have not given enough attention to true prevention.
Atrocity crimes do not occur in a vacuum. There is a long chain of events and conditions that precede atrocity crimes. Isolation, segregation, and discrimination frequently, if not always, precede the rationalization of atrocity crimes against a group of people. And before people are discriminated against, they must be dehumanized. The process of dehumanization depends upon rationalizing hatred and distrust, and these processes are precipitated by misinformation, fueled by uninformed biases, stereotypes, and exploitative actors. They are also frequently dependent upon the disintegration, corruption, or lack of development of critical institutions, in particular institutions dedicated to dialogue and education. It is here that we must dedicate our greatest attention.
Since 1948, we have made great strides toward taking actions that interrupt, mitigate, and to a very limited extent, punish the chief perpetrators of atrocity crimes; however, these actions are not preventative but reactive in nature. No atrocities crime trial has ever prevented the next genocide, and no sanctions or punishment can bring back the dead or undo the trauma that extends across multiple generations. Indeed, the trauma of atrocity crimes in the distant past are often the forgotten seeds for the next wave of violence and inhumanity of the future.
If we are to truly adopt strategies that are effective, far reaching, and decisive in preventing atrocity crimes, then our priorities must be re-oriented to the opposite end of the spectrum, where the seeds of the next genocide are cultivated. Our responsibility in complying with foundational human rights documents should be measured not solely by our success at responding, investigating, and prosecuting atrocity crimes, but by our efforts in supporting institutions, initiatives, and actions that have a positive influence in preventing all forms of inhumanity. The most effective strategy at preventing the next genocide is centered on actions and policies that interrupt and reduce the risk of escalation at the earliest stages of inhumanity.
Cambodia recently removed human rights days from public calendars. I think we should reconsider this collective decision. Cambodia has achieved extraordinary success in its genocide education programme, which is the essence of atrocity crimes prevention. And so, to capitalize on this success and Cambodia’s regional and even global leadership in this area, we should hold an annual dialogue on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) closes its doors, there is no better time than now to preserve Cambodia’s leadership and momentum in realizing the core objectives of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is proud of the support it has given to the ECCC’s work, which was fundamental to giving victims an opportunity to participate in the justice process and realize some sense of closure from the Khmer Rouge genocide. DC-Cam is also eager to support an annual conference on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As we commemorate this Human Rights Day, we would be mindful to recognize our fundamental human rights documents are not only universal commitments, but also standards for evaluating the kind of world we are leaving for the next generation.
—————
Youk Chhang is Executive Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia. The Center dedicating to Justice, Memory, and Healing for survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide.
Photo above: Children at Angkor Wat, 1979. After the collapse of the Khmer Rouge regime on 7 January 1979, hundreds of thousands of children were left orphaned. From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge led Cambodia into tragedy causing the deaths of over 2 million people. Although two millions were killed, five millions more survived to tell their story. The perpetrators of these crimes also survived. Photo: Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives.
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