Biographic28,821
Bibliographic93,161
ID: | KCI0191 | ||||
Name
ឈ្មោះ
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Pha
ផា
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Other Name
ឈ្មោះហៅក្រៅ
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Mach
ម៉ាច
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Gender
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m
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ភេទ
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ប្រុស
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Status
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Alive
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ស្ថានភាពគ្រួសារ
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នៅរស់
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CBIO ID
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I02533
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លេខយោងឯកសារប្រវត្តិរូប
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អាយ០២៥៣៣
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Source Interview
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KCI0191 20030124, Rorka-a Number 9 village, Rorka-a sub-district, Kang Meas district, Kampong Cham province. Interviewed by Long Dany. Notes: Interviewed
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ប្រភពនៃឯកសារ/បទសម្ភាសន៍
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ខេស៊ីអាយ០១៩១ ២០០៣០១២៤, ភូមិរកាអារទី៩ ឃុំរកា អារ ស្រុកកងមាស ខេត្តកំពង់ចាម។ សម្ភាសដោយៈ ឡុង ដានី។ កំណត់សំគាល់ៈ ជួបសម្ភាសជាមួយឈ្មោះ ផា ហៅ ឡោ ម៉ាច ភេទប្រុស អាយុ៤៥ឆ្នាំ ត្រូវជាម្ចាស់ប្រវត្តិរូប។
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Date of Birth
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Present age:45 years old
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ថ្ងៃ-ខែ-ឆ្នាំ កំណើត
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«បច្ចុប្បន្នអាយុ៤៥ឆ្នាំ»
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Home Village
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03070809, Kampong Cham, Kangmeas, Rorka, Rorka
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ទីកន្លែងកំណើត
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០៣០៧០៨០៩, ខេត្ដកំពង់ចាម, ស្រុកកងមាស, ឃុំរកាអារ, ភូ
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Join KR
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1971????
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ការចូលរួមសកម្មភាពក្នុងសម័យខ្មែរក្រហម
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១៩៧១????
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Reason to Join KR
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Volunteer.
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មូលហេតុចូលរួមសកម្មភាពក្នុងសម័យខ្មែរក្រហម
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ស្ម័គ្រចិត្ដ
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DK ORG Unit 75-79
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Economic Military Unit in Memot district, Kampong Cham province
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អង្គភាពក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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អង្គភាពយោធាខាងសេដ្ឋកិច្ច នៅស្រុកមេម៉ត់ ខេត្ដកំពង់ចាម។
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KR Rank(1975-79)
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Soldier
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តួនាទីក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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យោធា
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DK Zone 75-79
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Eastern Region "203" Memot district, Kampong Cham province
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ទីតាំងភូមិសាស្រ្តក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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ភូមិភាគបូព៌ា«២០៣» ស្រុកមេម៉ត់ ខេត្ដកំពង់ចាម។
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Superior
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Cheng
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អ្នកដឹកនាំ
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ចេង។
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Associates
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Noeurn, Pha, Nhor, Oeurn
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អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដ៏ទៃទៀត
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ឈ្មោះ នឿន ឈ្មោះ ផា ,ញ៉,អឿន។
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Summary
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Pha, Mach, male, aged 45 and nowadays, he lives in Rorka-a village, Rorka-a sub-district, Kang Meas district, Kampong Cham province. Pha៌s father was Lo Mi, and his mother was El Som. He has six siblings: one girl and five boys. The first elder brother is Lo In, the second is Lo Oeung, the third is Lo Muy, the forth is Lo Mun, the fifth is Lo Moeun and the last one is Lo Mach. When he was a child, Mach helped his parents tend cows. He studied in a pagoda for five years. Mach intended to be a monk, but he decided not to become the monk due to the coup in 1970. It was in 1971 that he volunteered to join the revolution, and he was first designated to raise pigs because he was, at that time, too small. In 1973, Angkar appointed him to serve a military in order fight against Lon Nol soldiers. At that time, Mach was so scared, so he decided to run back home. His parents didn៌t want to let him go back because he kept crying. However, Angkar called him to go back and put him in education center. Mach was then sent to the battlefield again and again near Prek Kdam, fighting with Lon Nol soldiers until getting the triumph. It was in 1975 that Mach injured in his bottom and received a treatment in Ang Doung Hospital. After recovering from injury, he was sent to handicapped unit that there៌re 100 people there. The disable groups were designated to farm paddy in Khmounh. It was in 1976 €“ 1977 that Angkar captured some division chiefs such as: Oeurn, Khoeun, Han, Choeum, Than and other people. In 1977 €“ 1978, Angkar ordered many disable youth to go to Vietnamese border in the eastern region in Memot district, but Angkar kept only some disable people who lost legs and were blind. When arriving in Memot district, Mach was designated to the economic department; thus, he didn៌t go to the battle to fight with Vietnamese soldiers. However, it was, at that time, seen that the KR soldiers were young probably from 13 to 14 years old that they can៌t even carry guns well. And, Angkar sent them to fight. It was seen that they៌re crying while carrying the guns. Mack has known that some of Vietnamese soldiers were captured and send to PP by KR. In 1979, Mach ran back to his home village, living happily with his siblings.
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សេចក្ដីសង្ខេបបទសម្ភាស៏
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ផា ហៅ ឡោ ម៉ាច ភេទប្រុស អាយុ៤៥ឆ្នាំ សព្វថៃ្ងរស់នៅភូមិរកាអារ ឃុំរកាអារ ស្រុកកងមាស ខេត្ដកំពង់ចាម។ ម៉ាច មានឪពុកឈ្មោះ ឡោ ម៉ិ ម្ដាយឈ្មោះ អែល ស៊ុម មានបងប្អូន៦នាក់ ស្រី១ប្រុស៥។ បងទី១ឈ្មោះ ឡោ អ៊ីន ទី២ ឡោ អឿង ទី៣ ឡោ មុយ ទី៤ ឡោ ម៉ុន ទី៥ ឡោ មឿន និងទី៦ ឡោ ម៉ាច។ ម៉ាច កាលពីតូចជួយឃ្វាលគោឪពុកម្ដាយនិងបានទៅរៀនសូត្រក្នុងវត្ដបានរយៈពេល៥ឆ្នាំ។ ម៉ាច មានបំណង ចង់បួសជាសង្ឃ តែក្រោយមកដោយសារតែកើតមានរដ្ឋប្រហារ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ក៏សមេ្រចចិត្ដឈប់បួសវិញ។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧១បានស្ម័គ្រចិត្ដចូលបដិវត្ដ មុនដំបូងអង្គការឱ្យនៅខាងចឹញ្ចឹមជ្រូក ព្រោះឃើញនៅតូចពេក។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ អង្គការចាត់តាំងឱ្យចូលជាយោធាទៅវាយជាមួយទាហាន លន់ នល់ កាលនោះមានការភ័យខ្លាចពេក ក៏សមេ្រចចិត្ដរត់មកផ្ទះ ឪពុកម្ដាយ មិនចង់ឱ្យត្រឡប់ទៅវិញទេ យំផងអីផង តែអង្គការមកហៅយក ទៅវិញដាក់កនែ្លងអប់រំនិងបញ្ជូនទៅសមរភូមិមួយសារទៀតនៅ ម្ដុំព្រែកក្ដាមវាយជាមួយទាហាន លន់ នល់ ទាល់តែទទួលជ័យជំនះ។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ម៉ាច ត្រូវរបួសចំគូទហើយសម្រាកព្យាបាល នៅមន្ទីរពេទ្យអង្គរឌួង។ ពេលជាសះស្បើយអង្គការបញ្ជូនចូលក្នុង អង្គភាពជនពិការមានគ្នាជាង១០០នាក់។ ក្រុមជនពិការអង្គការចាត់តាំងឱ្យធ្វើស្រែនៅឃ្មួញ។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៦៧៧ ប្រធានកងពល មួយចំនួនត្រូវអង្គការចាប់ខ្លួន ដូចជាឈ្មោះ អឿន,ឃឿន,ហាន,ជឿន,ថន និងមនុស្សជាច្រើនទៀត។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៧៧៨ អង្គការបានបញ្ជូនយុវជនពិការជាច្រើននាក់ឱ្យទៅព្រំដែនវៀតណាមខាងភូមិភាគបូព៌ាស្រុកមេម៉ត់ ទុកតែអ្នក ដាច់ជើងនិងពិការភ្នែក។ ម៉ាច់ ពេលទៅដល់ស្រុកមេម៉ត់ អង្គការចាត់តាំងឱ្យនៅខាងសេដ្ឋកិច្ច មិនបានចូលសមរភូមិមុខវាយ ជាមួយទាហានវៀតណាមទេ តែកាលនោះឃើញទាហានខែ្មរក្រហម កេ្មងៗអាយុប្រហែលជា១៣ទៅ១៤ឆ្នាំ ស្ពាយកាំភ្លើងមិនផុតដីផង អង្គការបញ្ជូនឱ្យទៅច្បាំង ឃើញយោធា កេ្មងៗទាំងនោះស្ពាយកាំភ្លើងផងយំផង។ ម៉ាច បាន ដឹងថា ទាហានវៀតណាមមួយចំនួនត្រូវយោធាខែ្មរក្រហមចាប់បញ្ជូនមកភ្នំពេញ។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៩ ម៉ាច បានរត់មករកស្រុក កំណើតវិញ រស់នៅបានសុខសប្បាយជួបជុំបងប្អូន។
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Activity Witness
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Pha eye witnessed Khmer Rouge soldiers captured and put people in the trucks
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សកម្មភាពពាក់ព័ន្ធភស្តុតាង
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ធ្លាប់ឃើញខែ្មរក្រហមចាប់មនុស្សដាក់ឡានយកទៅបាត់។
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Copyright
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© DC-CAM
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រក្សាសិទ្ធិដោយ
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© មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឯកសារកម្ពុជា
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Biographic28,821
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Date
1970 to 197515,209
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1995 to 20001,256
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Credit Line: Documentation Center of Cambodia's Archives.
"Documentation Center of Cambodia's Archives"
This website was funded in part by a grant (Documentation and Democracy) from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.
Concept by Ean Panharith and Youk Chhang
© 2023 Documentation Center of Cambodia
The Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide
By Youk Chhang
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stands alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as one of the key pillars of international human rights law, and for this Human Rights Day in 2022, I want to highlight the critical importance of the responsibility to prevent atrocity crimes, which includes genocide. When atrocity crimes occur, there is an immediate need to stop these atrocious acts, followed by the equally urgent tasks of documenting, investigating, and ultimately prosecuting the perpetrators. However, from 1948 to today, we have not given enough attention to true prevention.
Atrocity crimes do not occur in a vacuum. There is a long chain of events and conditions that precede atrocity crimes. Isolation, segregation, and discrimination frequently, if not always, precede the rationalization of atrocity crimes against a group of people. And before people are discriminated against, they must be dehumanized. The process of dehumanization depends upon rationalizing hatred and distrust, and these processes are precipitated by misinformation, fueled by uninformed biases, stereotypes, and exploitative actors. They are also frequently dependent upon the disintegration, corruption, or lack of development of critical institutions, in particular institutions dedicated to dialogue and education. It is here that we must dedicate our greatest attention.
Since 1948, we have made great strides toward taking actions that interrupt, mitigate, and to a very limited extent, punish the chief perpetrators of atrocity crimes; however, these actions are not preventative but reactive in nature. No atrocities crime trial has ever prevented the next genocide, and no sanctions or punishment can bring back the dead or undo the trauma that extends across multiple generations. Indeed, the trauma of atrocity crimes in the distant past are often the forgotten seeds for the next wave of violence and inhumanity of the future.
If we are to truly adopt strategies that are effective, far reaching, and decisive in preventing atrocity crimes, then our priorities must be re-oriented to the opposite end of the spectrum, where the seeds of the next genocide are cultivated. Our responsibility in complying with foundational human rights documents should be measured not solely by our success at responding, investigating, and prosecuting atrocity crimes, but by our efforts in supporting institutions, initiatives, and actions that have a positive influence in preventing all forms of inhumanity. The most effective strategy at preventing the next genocide is centered on actions and policies that interrupt and reduce the risk of escalation at the earliest stages of inhumanity.
Cambodia recently removed human rights days from public calendars. I think we should reconsider this collective decision. Cambodia has achieved extraordinary success in its genocide education programme, which is the essence of atrocity crimes prevention. And so, to capitalize on this success and Cambodia’s regional and even global leadership in this area, we should hold an annual dialogue on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) closes its doors, there is no better time than now to preserve Cambodia’s leadership and momentum in realizing the core objectives of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is proud of the support it has given to the ECCC’s work, which was fundamental to giving victims an opportunity to participate in the justice process and realize some sense of closure from the Khmer Rouge genocide. DC-Cam is also eager to support an annual conference on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As we commemorate this Human Rights Day, we would be mindful to recognize our fundamental human rights documents are not only universal commitments, but also standards for evaluating the kind of world we are leaving for the next generation.
—————
Youk Chhang is Executive Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia. The Center dedicating to Justice, Memory, and Healing for survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide.
Photo above: Children at Angkor Wat, 1979. After the collapse of the Khmer Rouge regime on 7 January 1979, hundreds of thousands of children were left orphaned. From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge led Cambodia into tragedy causing the deaths of over 2 million people. Although two millions were killed, five millions more survived to tell their story. The perpetrators of these crimes also survived. Photo: Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives.
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