Biographic28,821
Bibliographic93,160
ID: | BMI0021 | ||||
Name
ឈ្មោះ
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Tol Sem
តុល សែម
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Gender
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m
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ភេទ
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ប្រុស
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Status
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Alive
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ស្ថានភាពគ្រួសារ
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នៅរស់
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Source Interview
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BMI0021 20101016, Kbal Spean village, Malai sub-district, Malai district, Batambang Province. Interviewed by Long Dany. Note: Interviewed with Tol Sem, male, 50, No Biography.
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ប្រភពនៃឯកសារ/បទសម្ភាសន៍
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ប៊ីអឹមអាយ០០២១, ២០១០១០១៦, ភូមិក្បាលស្ពាន ឃុំម៉ាឡៃ ស្រុកម៉ាឡៃ ខេត្តបន្ទាយមានជ័យ។ សម្ភាសន៍ដោយៈ ឡុង ដានី។ សម្ភាសន៍ជាមួយ តុល សែម ភេទប្រុស អាយុ៥០ឆ្នាំ។ ក្រៅប្រវត្តិរូប។
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Date of Birth
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1960????
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ថ្ងៃ-ខែ-ឆ្នាំ កំណើត
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១៩៦០????
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Home Village
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08040404 Kandal province, Koh Thom district, Koh T
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ទីកន្លែងកំណើត
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០៨០៤០៤០៤ ខេត្ដកណ្ដាល, ស្រុកកោះធំ, ឃុំកោះធំ, ភូមិពោ
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Join KR
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1973????
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ការចូលរួមសកម្មភាពក្នុងសម័យខ្មែរក្រហម
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១៩៧៣????
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Reason to Join KR
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Volunteer
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មូលហេតុចូលរួមសកម្មភាពក្នុងសម័យខ្មែរក្រហម
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ស្ម័គ្រចិត្ដ
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DK ORG Unit 75-79
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D-1 factory
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អង្គភាពក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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រោងចក្រដ១
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KR Rank(1975-79)
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Factory worker
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តួនាទីក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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កម្មកររោងចក្រ
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DK Zone 75-79
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Central zone(12), Phnom Penh
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ទីតាំងភូមិសាស្រ្តក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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ភូមិភាគមជ្ឈឹម(១២), ភ្នំពេញ
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Superior
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Heanh was the department chief and Cheng On was the factory chief
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អ្នកដឹកនាំ
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ហ៊ាញ ជាប្រធានផ្នែក និង ចេង អន ជាប្រធានរោងចក្រ
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Associates
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Vy
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អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដ៏ទៃទៀត
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ឈ្មោះវី
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Summary
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Tol Sem, male, is 50 years old. He lives in Kbal Spean village, Malai sub-district, Malai district, Batambang Province. He was born in Po Tonle village, Koh Thom sub-district, Koh Thom district, Kandal province. His father was named Touch and his mother was named Yon. Sem studied only until grade 11 of the old system at a pagaoda.
In 1973, Sem joined the revolution at the age of fourteen with his friend, Vy. Sem joined becauseTa Sok, who was chief of the Unit Number 12, asked him to be a messenger of Unit 12, located on the east of Reusey Srok. That unit was supervised by Ta Sok, Ta Nat, and Ta Pin. Sem៌s task was to send letters from one unit to another bymoving from one place to another. Sometimes, he also had to transport refined bombs. When Phnom Penh was defeated in April 17, 1975, Sem was sent to be a messenger of Vorn Vet, who was the minister of Ministry of Industry in Democratic Kumpuchea. Vorn Vet wanted to send ten children, including Sem, to China. However, the plan failed. Later, Sem and seven other children were chosen to work in D-1 factory, which was supervised by Cheng On; the department chief was a man named Heanh. While Sem was at the factory, he heard that Vorn Vet became the deputy prime minister of Ministry of Economy. In the factory, mechanics taught Sem was how to use the lathe, set up machines, peel the kapoks, and set up the threshers. Until 1978, females were the department chiefs while males were the deputy chief. Sem was well-liked by many people at the factory because he was industrious in his work. Sem thought that he had to work hard in order to serve the revolution and the people. All the workers learned this mindset from the Khmer Rouge ruling class. The food rations in the factory were not enough; people ate bread with soup. The upper level at the factory propagandized to the workers that Angkar lacked provisions, and told the factory workers that they had to work hard in order to support those who lived in the collectives. Vorn Vet and Cheng On controlled the work in the factory. However, they did not care about the food rations as long as the work remained fast and productive.
When Vietnam entered [Cambodia] in 1979, Sem and the other factory workers were evacuated to the west. They passed through Kampong Chnang province and arrived at Krang Dei Veay. However, because there was nothing to eat, they moved to Pursat province and worked in the fields there for one rainy reason. Later, Sem was evacuated to Bavil. As the war with Vietnamcontinued, Sem fled to Ampil Pram Derm and arrived at Svay Sramor, in the same Batambang province. In late 1979, he returned to Malai district, or District 102. In 1980, he married. Sem served as a soldier in Unit 450 under Sok Pheap. In addition to fighting, the soldiers in this unit cut trees to trade in Thailand. In 1985, Vietnamese troops arrived at the border, and the soldiers៌ families were evacuated to live in the T-85 camp in Thai territory. The soldiers still had to fight occasionally against the Vietnamese and Republic Kumpuchea៌s soldiers at the border. During this time, Sem stepped on land mine and lost his right leg. In 1990, all the soldiers and their families returned to Malai district.
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សេចក្ដីសង្ខេបបទសម្ភាស៏
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តុល សែម ភេទប្រុស អាយុ៥០ឆ្នាំ រស់នៅភូមិក្បាលស្ពាន ឃុំ ម៉ាឡៃ ស្រុកម៉ាឡៃ ខេត្ដបន្ទាយមានជ័យ។ សែម មានស្រុកកំណើត នៅភូមិពោធិ៍ទនេ្ល ឃុំកោះធំ ស្រុកកោះធំ ខេត្ដកណ្ដាល។ សែម មានឪពុកឈ្មោះ ទូច និងម្ដាយឈ្មោះ យន។ សែម រៀនបានត្រឹមថ្នាក់ទី ១១តែប៉ុណេ្ណាះនៅសាលាលោក។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ គាត់ មានអាយុ១៤ឆ្នាំបានចូលបដិវត្ដន៍ជាមួយមិត្ដ ភ័ក្ដិឈ្មោះ វី ដោយសារពេលនោះ តា សុខ ជាប្រធានកងពលលេខ ១២បានមកសុំគាត់ឱ្យទៅនៅជាមួយធ្វើជា និរសារបស់កងពល១២ នៅខាង កើតឫស្សីស្រុក។ កងពលនោះគ្រប់គ្រងដោយ តា សុខ តា ណាត និង តា ពីន។ ការងាររបស់ សែម គឺរត់សំបុត្រពីកងពល មួយទៅកងពលមួយពីកនែ្លងទៅ កនែ្លងមួយ។ ពេលខ្លះទៀតគាត់ ត្រូវទៅជញ្ជូនគ្រាប់ដែលកែចៃ្ន។ ពេលបែកទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញនៅថៃ្ងទី១៧ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ សែម ត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនឱ្យទៅធ្វើ ជានិរសារបស់ វន វ៉េត ជារដ្ឋមន្រ្ដីក្រសួងឧស្សាហកម្មនៅក្នុងរបបកម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ។ ពេល នោះ វន វ៉េតបាននិយាយថានឹងរៀបចំឱ្យកុមារ១០នាក់ក្នុងនោះមាន សែម ដែរ ទៅប្រទេសចិន ប៉ុនែ្ដគំរោងនោះមិនបានសមេ្រចឡើយ។ ក្រោយមក គេជ្រើសយកគាត់ និងកុមារ៧នាក់ទៀត បញ្ជូនឱ្យទៅនៅធ្វើការ រោងចក្រដ១ដែលគ្រប់គ្រងដោយចេង អន ប៉ុនែ្ដប្រធានផ្នែកគឺ ឈ្មោះ ហ៊ាញ ភេទប្រុស។ ពេលចេញមកនៅរោងចក្រ សែម បាន ឮសេចក្ដីប្រកាសថា វន វ៉េត គឺជា ឧបនាយករដ្ឋមន្រ្ដីក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ច។ នៅរោងចក្រ សែម ធ្វើការងារដូចជាក្រឡឹងដែកតំឡើងម៉ាស៊ីន វ៉ៃគរ តំឡើងម៉ាស៊ីនបោកស្រូវ ដោយមានអ្នកបចេ្ចកទេសមក បង្រៀន។ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៨ គេចាប់ផេ្ដីមប្ដូរប្រធានផ្នែកដោយឱ្យ ស្រីៗធ្វើប្រធានវិញ ហើយប្រុសធ្វើអនុវិញ។ ពេលធ្វើការនៅទី នោះ សែម ទទួលបាននូវការស្រលាញ់ច្រើនពីអ្នក ឯទៀតដោយសារ គាត់ជាមនុស្សឧស្សាធ្វើការងារដោយ សារគាត់គិតថាធ្វើការដើម្បី បំរើបដិវត្ដន៍បំរើប្រជាជន។ នេះគឺជាអ្វីដែលកម្មករនៅទីនោះរៀន ពីថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំខែ្មរក្រហមមក។ ចំណែកការហូបចុក វិញនៅក្នុងរោង ចក្រមិនសូវឆែ្អតទេដោយហូបតែនំប័ុង ជាមួយសម្លរ។ ថ្នាក់លើចេះ ឃោសនាថា អង្គការខ្វះស្បៀងហើយអីចឹងឱ្យអ្នកនៅរោងចក្រខំធ្វើ ការទៅដើម្បីជួយឧប្ថម្ភដល់អ្នកនៅសហករណ៍ផង។ វន វ៉េត និង ចេង អន បានចុះទៅមើលការងារនៅរោងចក្រនោះដែរ ប៉ុនែ្ដគាត់ មិនបានទៅមើលការហូបចុកនោះទេធ្វើម៉េចឱ្យតែការងារបានលឿន ហើយបានផលច្រើន។ នៅពេលវៀតណាមចូលឆ្នាំ១៩៧៩ សែម និងអ្នកដែលនៅធ្វើការ នៅរោងចក្រត្រូវបានជម្លៀសចេញមកប៉ែកខាងលិចកាត់តាមខេត្ដ ្ដកំពង់ឆ្នាំងទៅដល់ក្រាំងដីវ៉ាយ ប៉ុនែ្ដដោយសារនៅទី នោះអត់មាន អីហូបក៏ចេញមកខេត្ដពោធិ៍សាត់ ហើយនៅធ្វើស្រែនៅទីនោះបាន មួយវស្សាទៀត។ ក្រោយមកទៀត សែម បានជម្លៀសទៅនៅ ស្រុកបវិលវិញ។ ដល់ពេលវៀតណាមចេះតែដេញមក គាត់បានរត់ទៅដល់អំពិលប្រាំដើម ហើយចេញទៅស្វាយស្រម៉ទៀតនៅ ក្នុងខេត្ដបាត់ដំបងដដែល។ នៅចុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៩ ទើបគាត់បានមក ដល់ស្រុកម៉ាឡៃ ដែលកាលនោះគេហៅថាតំបន់១០២។ នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩៨០ គាត់បានរៀបការ។ នៅទីនោះ សែម បានធ្វើទ័ពនៅកង ពល៤៥០ក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រង របស់ សុខ ភាព។ ក្រៅពីច្បាំង កង ទ័ពនៅទីនោះនាំគ្នាទៅអារឈើយកទៅលក់ឱ្យថៃ។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៨៥ ទាហានវៀតណាមបានចូលមកដល់ព្រំដែន គ្រួសាររបស់ទ័ពត្រូវបាន ជម្លៀសទៅនៅដីថៃ នៅជំរំថ៨៥ ចំណែកកងទ័ពទាំងអស់ត្រូវ ចេញមកច្បាំងម្ដងម្កាលជាមួយវៀតណាម និងកងទ័ពរដ្ឋកម្ពុជានៅ តាមព្រំដែន ហើយនៅពេលនោះ សែម បានជាន់មីន និងពិការជើង ស្ដាំមួយចំហៀង។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៩០ទើប កងទ័ព និងគ្រួសារទាំងអស់ត្រលប់មកនៅស្រុកម៉ាឡៃវិញ។
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Image File Name
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Tol Sem
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Image File Name
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តុល សែម
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Copyright
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© DC-CAM
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រក្សាសិទ្ធិដោយ
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© មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឯកសារកម្ពុជា
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The Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide
By Youk Chhang
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stands alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as one of the key pillars of international human rights law, and for this Human Rights Day in 2022, I want to highlight the critical importance of the responsibility to prevent atrocity crimes, which includes genocide. When atrocity crimes occur, there is an immediate need to stop these atrocious acts, followed by the equally urgent tasks of documenting, investigating, and ultimately prosecuting the perpetrators. However, from 1948 to today, we have not given enough attention to true prevention.
Atrocity crimes do not occur in a vacuum. There is a long chain of events and conditions that precede atrocity crimes. Isolation, segregation, and discrimination frequently, if not always, precede the rationalization of atrocity crimes against a group of people. And before people are discriminated against, they must be dehumanized. The process of dehumanization depends upon rationalizing hatred and distrust, and these processes are precipitated by misinformation, fueled by uninformed biases, stereotypes, and exploitative actors. They are also frequently dependent upon the disintegration, corruption, or lack of development of critical institutions, in particular institutions dedicated to dialogue and education. It is here that we must dedicate our greatest attention.
Since 1948, we have made great strides toward taking actions that interrupt, mitigate, and to a very limited extent, punish the chief perpetrators of atrocity crimes; however, these actions are not preventative but reactive in nature. No atrocities crime trial has ever prevented the next genocide, and no sanctions or punishment can bring back the dead or undo the trauma that extends across multiple generations. Indeed, the trauma of atrocity crimes in the distant past are often the forgotten seeds for the next wave of violence and inhumanity of the future.
If we are to truly adopt strategies that are effective, far reaching, and decisive in preventing atrocity crimes, then our priorities must be re-oriented to the opposite end of the spectrum, where the seeds of the next genocide are cultivated. Our responsibility in complying with foundational human rights documents should be measured not solely by our success at responding, investigating, and prosecuting atrocity crimes, but by our efforts in supporting institutions, initiatives, and actions that have a positive influence in preventing all forms of inhumanity. The most effective strategy at preventing the next genocide is centered on actions and policies that interrupt and reduce the risk of escalation at the earliest stages of inhumanity.
Cambodia recently removed human rights days from public calendars. I think we should reconsider this collective decision. Cambodia has achieved extraordinary success in its genocide education programme, which is the essence of atrocity crimes prevention. And so, to capitalize on this success and Cambodia’s regional and even global leadership in this area, we should hold an annual dialogue on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) closes its doors, there is no better time than now to preserve Cambodia’s leadership and momentum in realizing the core objectives of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is proud of the support it has given to the ECCC’s work, which was fundamental to giving victims an opportunity to participate in the justice process and realize some sense of closure from the Khmer Rouge genocide. DC-Cam is also eager to support an annual conference on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As we commemorate this Human Rights Day, we would be mindful to recognize our fundamental human rights documents are not only universal commitments, but also standards for evaluating the kind of world we are leaving for the next generation.
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Youk Chhang is Executive Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia. The Center dedicating to Justice, Memory, and Healing for survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide.
Photo above: Children at Angkor Wat, 1979. After the collapse of the Khmer Rouge regime on 7 January 1979, hundreds of thousands of children were left orphaned. From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge led Cambodia into tragedy causing the deaths of over 2 million people. Although two millions were killed, five millions more survived to tell their story. The perpetrators of these crimes also survived. Photo: Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives.
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