Biographic28,821
Bibliographic93,161
ID: | BMI0038 | ||||
Name
ឈ្មោះ
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Kim Man
គឹម ម៉ាន
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Gender
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f
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ភេទ
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ស្រី
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Status
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Alive
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ស្ថានភាពគ្រួសារ
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នៅរស់
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Source Interview
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BMI003820101016 Kandal village, Malai commune, Malai district, Banteay Meanchey province. Interviewed by Hin Sotheany. Interviewed with Kim Man, female 57 years old. None biography.
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ប្រភពនៃឯកសារ/បទសម្ភាសន៍
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ប៊ីអឹមអាយ០០៣៨ ២០១០១០១៦ ភូមិកណ្តាល ឃុំម៉ាឡៃ ស្រុកម៉ាឡៃ ខេត្តបន្ទាយមានជ័យ។ សម្ភាសន៍ដោយ ហ៊ិន សុធានី។ សម្ភាសន៍ជាមួយ គឹម ម៉ាន ភេទស្រី អាយុ ៥៧ឆ្នាំ។ ក្រៅប្រវត្តិរូប។
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Date of Birth
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Present aged 57 year-old
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ថ្ងៃ-ខែ-ឆ្នាំ កំណើត
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អាយុបច្ចុប្បន្ន ៥៧ឆ្នាំ
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Home Village
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20040207 Svay Rieng province, Romeas Hek district,
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ទីកន្លែងកំណើត
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២០០៤០២០៧ ខេត្ដស្វាយរៀង ស្រុករមាសហែក ឃុំអណ្ដូងពោធិ៍
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Join KR
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1973????
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ការចូលរួមសកម្មភាពក្នុងសម័យខ្មែរក្រហម
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១៩៧៣????
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DK ORG Unit 75-79
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Lathing Factory at Russei Keo
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អង្គភាពក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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រោងចក្រក្រឡឹងដែក នៅឫស្សីកែវ
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KR Rank(1975-79)
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Chief of bending metal section
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តួនាទីក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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ប្រធានផ្នែកព័ទ្ធដែកនៅរោងចក្រក្រឡឹង
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DK Zone 75-79
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Central Zone, Phnom Penh
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ទីតាំងភូមិសាស្រ្តក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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មជ្ឈឹម ភ្នំពេញ។
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Superior
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Phan
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អ្នកដឹកនាំ
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ផាន ជាប្រធានរោងចក្រ។
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Associates
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អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដ៏ទៃទៀត
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Summary
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Kim Man, female, 57 years old and lives in Kandal village, Malai commune, Malai district, Banteay Meanchey province. Man was born in Trapeang Bos village, Andaung Po commune, Romeas Hek district, Svay Rieng province. Man៌s father៌s name is Kim In and her mother, So Sith. Man has two sisters and five brothers. In 1973, Man volunteered to join the KR revolution and served as woman soldier in Kanchreach district, Eastern Zone. Sam was chief of Women soldier៌s unit. After trained tactic military and served as soldier for three years she moved to Phnom Penh soon after the KR came to power in April 1975. Man was ordered to prepare and evacuate people from the city. Man was Thnal Keng (a corner road going to Ta Khmao) there she organized people to walk in order on street and not spread out.
Man was sent to work as worker in Textile Factory T-1 after the people went out from the city for one week. The factory was near Po Chentong. Hean was chief of the factory and San was chief of Man៌s section within the Factory. One day the KR asked for all workers to give their blood and Man was feared, because she saw some workers who gave blood and then, they seemed very exhausted and fever, some of the workers looked so serious.
Reasoning to escape from giving her blood, Man recalled her father words. Her father described that he was used to force taking his blood and he decided to swallow white paper into his stomach and they took x-ray they saw something with white color in his stomach and they diagnosed that he got some diseases. So they decided to stop taking his blood. Following her father tactic, Man swallowed two pieces of publishing paper and as the result, she got success to escape of taking blood because the KR took x-ray on her stomach and saw something white color. The KR did not take her blood and sent her to a hospital for three days.
After Man worked the factory for years and in July 1977, Man was moved to a Lathing Factory near Russei Keo and she was promoted to be chief of bending metal section. Phan was chief of the factory. Man told that she was in a good living condition when she was in the Lathing Factory.
In 1979, Man and other workers fled to Bek Chan and went into jungle. When Man lived in Phnom Penh she did not know any information relevant with killing people. However, when she was in forest she saw many mass graves and dead bodies, some dead bodied were cut out into two parts, some were put on rice field dike. Man faced with horrific event that a group of children were blasted while they were eating rice and they were killed with fresh blood.
Man said, she fled with other eleven women from Phnom Penh to Cambodia - Thailand border and as the result only Man, herself still alive and other were died because of starvation and malaria affected. When Man arrived in the border she stayed in several refugee camps such as Ta Ngoc, Srah Keo 1 and 21, Khao Y Dang, Side Two and Side Eight as well. In 1980, Man married to Thou Yoeung in Srah Keo refugee camp. After the marriage they returned to live in Malai. They deforested and cleaned land to build a house and farm. Man has two children and in 1987, Man៌s husband died.
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សេចក្ដីសង្ខេបបទសម្ភាស៏
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គឹម ម៉ាន ភេទស្រី អាយុ៥៧ឆ្នាំ រស់នៅភូមិកណ្ដាល ឃុំម៉ាឡៃ ស្រុកម៉ាឡៃ ខេត្ដបន្ទាយមានជ័យ។ ម៉ាន មានស្រុកកំណើតនៅភូមិ ត្រពាំងបោះ ឃុំអណ្ដូងពោធិ៍ ស្រុរមាសហែក ខេត្ដស្វាយរៀង។ ឪពុករបស់ម៉ានឈ្មោះ គឹម អ៊ិន ហើយម្ដាយ ឈ្មោះ សូ សិទ្ធិ ហើយ ម៉ាន មានបងប្អូន៧នាក់ ស្រី២នាក់ ប្រុស៥នាក់។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ ម៉ាន សំរេចចិត្ដចូលបដិវត្ដដោយធ្វើជាកងទ័ពនារី នៅភូមិភាគបូព៌ា ស្រុកកព្រោ្ជÃៈច ដោយឈ្មោះ សាម ជាប្រធានកងទ័ពនារី។ បន្ទាប់ពី ធ្វើជាកងទ័ពនារី និងហាត់រៀន អស់រយៈពេល៣ឆ្នាំ លុះមកដល់ឆ្នាំ ១៩៧៥ គឺជាពេលដែលខែ្មរក្រហមទទួលបានជ័យជំនះ និងរំដោះបានទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ពេលនោះ ម៉ាន បានត្រឡប់មកនៅ ទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ដើម្បីរៀបចំទីក្រុង ភ្នំពេញឱ្យមានរបៀប និងជម្លៀសប្រជាជនចេញ ពីទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ហើយ ម៉ាន បានឈរនៅនឹងកែងថ្នល់ម្ដុំតាខ្មៅ ក្នុង គោលបំណងកុំឱ្យប្រជាជនដើររសេចរសាច។ បន្ទាប់ពីរយៈពេលមួយ អាទិត្យទើបប្រជាជននៅក្នុងទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញចេញអស់ ទើប ម៉ាន ទៅធ្វើជាកម្មករនៅរោងចក្រតម្បាញ គឺ រោងចក្រត១ ដែលមាន ទីតាំងនៅម្ដុំពោធិ៍ចិនតុង ដោយមានឈ្មោះ ហ៊ាន ជាប្រធាន ហើយ សន ជាប្រធានផ្នែក។ មានពេលមួយនៅ ពេលដែលគេឱ្យអ្នកនៅ រោងចក្រទាំងអស់បរិច្ចាគឈាម ពេលនោះ ម៉ាន មានការភ័យ ព្រោះ ធ្លាប់ឃើញអ្នកដែលបរិច្ចាគឈាមហើយ នៅពេលដែលត្រឡប់មក វិញ មានអាការៈធីធះ អស់កម្លាំង ឡើងកេ្ដៅដូចឡើងចង់ដាច់ខ្យល់។ នៅពេលនោះដើម្បីរួចផុតពីការ បូមឈាម ម៉ាន បាននឹកឃើញសំដី របស់ឪពុក ដែលបានប្រាប់ថា មានគេមួយគេចាប់គាត់ បូមឈាម ពេលនោះគាត់បានលេបក្រដាស សេ្ដីងៗហើយពេលដែលគេថត ឪពុកគាត់ទៅឃើញសៗ ពេញពោះ គេមិនហ៊ានបូមឈាមទេ ខ្លាចកើតរោគដែលគេមិនស្គាល់។ ពេលដែលនឹកឃើញសំដីរបស់ ឪពុក ហើយ ម៉ាន ក៏បានលេបក្រដាសទឹក (ក្រដាសសម្រាប់បោះពុម្ព) អស់២ដុំ ហើយនៅពេល ដែលគេថត ខ្លួនគាត់ឃើញមានសៗពេញពោះរបស់គាត់ ដូចេ្នះគេថាគាត់មានជម្ងឺ អីចឹងគេ មិនហ៊ានបូមឈាមគាត់ទេ គេឱ្យ គាត់ទៅសម្រាកអស់ពេទ្យ អស់រយៈពេល៣ថៃ្ង។ បន្ទាប់ពីធ្វើការនៅទីនោះអស់ រយៈពេល ២ឆ្នាំ ដល់ខែកក្កាដា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៧ ម៉ាន ត្រូវផ្លាស់ទៅរោងចក្រក្រឡឹង វិញ ដោយក្រឡឹងបាឡុងនៅឫស្សីកែវ ដោយមាន តួនាទីជាប្រធាន ក្រុមខាងព័ទ្ធដែក ដោយឈ្មោះ ផាន ជាប្រធានរោងចក្រ។ ចំពោះ ការហូបចុក និងការស្នាក់នៅមានលក្ខណៈ គ្រប់គ្រាន់។ បន្ទាប់ពីបែក១៩៧៩ ដោយសារតែមានគេថាយួនៗ ម៉ាន និងគ្នីគ្នាមិនបានត្រឡប់ទៅ ស្រុកកំណើតទេ ចេះតែរត់តាមគ្នា រហូតទៅដល់ពៃ្រ តាមផ្លូវបែកចាន ចេះតែធ្វើដំណើររហូតដល់ពៃ្រ ជ្រៅ ម៉ាន ពេលដែលរស់នៅភ្នំពេញ មិនដឹងអំពីការកាប់សម្លាប់ ប្រជាជនទេ តែពេលដែលរត់ចូល ពៃ្រ ម៉ាន បានឃើញរណ្ដៅជា ច្រើន ពេលខ្លះដើរជួបនឹង សាកសពដែលគេកាប់មួយកំណាត់ខ្លួន ខ្លះមួលក ហើយស្រីៗសុទ្ធតែដាក់លើបង្គងភ្លឺស្រែ។ បន្ដដំណើរ ទៅមុខទៀត ម៉ាន បានជួបនឹង ហេតុការណ៍គួរឱ្យតក់ស្លុត ស្រាប់តែ លឺសំលេងខ្លាំងៗ ម៉ាន និងគ្នីគ្នានាំគ្នារត់ទៅមើល ឃើញសុទ្ធតែ ឈាម ព្រោះកុមារកំពុងតែហូបបាយ ហើយមិនដឹងអ្នកណាបោក គ្រាប់បែកមកចំកេ្មងៗទាំងនោះ។ នៅក្នុងក្រុមរបស់គាត់មានគ្នា ១២នាក់ ពេលដែលចេញពីភ្នំពេញ ទីបំផុតនៅសល់តែ១នាក់គឺ គាត់។ នៅក្នុងៃព្រគ្មានស្បៀង គ្មានថ្នាំ អ្នកខ្លះគ្រុនចាញ់ អ្នកខ្លះ ហើមដៃជើង ព្រោះតែមូសខាំ។ បន្ដដំណើរក្នុងពៃ្ររហូតទៅ ដល់ព្រំដែនថៃ ហើយគាត់ឆ្លងកាត់ជំរុំជាច្រើន ដូចជា ជំរុំតាង៉ុក, ជំរុំ ស្រះកែវទី១ និងទី២១, ជំរុំខាវអ៊ីដាង និងជំរុំសាយធូ និងសាយអេច។ រហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៨០ ទើបគាត់រៀបការជាមួយ ធូ យឿង នៅជំរុំស្រះកែវ បន្ទាប់ពីរៀបការហើយពួកគាត់បានត្រឡប់ មករស់នៅស្រុកម៉ាឡៃវិញ ហើយចាប់ផេ្ដីមកាប់ឆ្កាារពៃ្រធ្វើដំណាំ និងសង់ផ្ទះនៅ។ ប្រហែលឆ្នាំ ១៩៧៦ ឬ១៩៨៧ ប្ដីរបស់ ម៉ាន បានស្លាប់ ដោយបន្សល់កូន២នាក់។
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Activity Witness
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Man saw the KR taking workers’ blood around 10 to 15 people per time.
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សកម្មភាពពាក់ព័ន្ធភស្តុតាង
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ធ្លាប់ឃើញគេបូមឈាម ម្ដងពី១០នាក់ ទៅ១៥នាក់
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Copyright
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© DC-CAM
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Credit Line: Documentation Center of Cambodia's Archives.
"Documentation Center of Cambodia's Archives"
This website was funded in part by a grant (Documentation and Democracy) from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.
Concept by Ean Panharith and Youk Chhang
© 2023 Documentation Center of Cambodia
The Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide
By Youk Chhang
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stands alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as one of the key pillars of international human rights law, and for this Human Rights Day in 2022, I want to highlight the critical importance of the responsibility to prevent atrocity crimes, which includes genocide. When atrocity crimes occur, there is an immediate need to stop these atrocious acts, followed by the equally urgent tasks of documenting, investigating, and ultimately prosecuting the perpetrators. However, from 1948 to today, we have not given enough attention to true prevention.
Atrocity crimes do not occur in a vacuum. There is a long chain of events and conditions that precede atrocity crimes. Isolation, segregation, and discrimination frequently, if not always, precede the rationalization of atrocity crimes against a group of people. And before people are discriminated against, they must be dehumanized. The process of dehumanization depends upon rationalizing hatred and distrust, and these processes are precipitated by misinformation, fueled by uninformed biases, stereotypes, and exploitative actors. They are also frequently dependent upon the disintegration, corruption, or lack of development of critical institutions, in particular institutions dedicated to dialogue and education. It is here that we must dedicate our greatest attention.
Since 1948, we have made great strides toward taking actions that interrupt, mitigate, and to a very limited extent, punish the chief perpetrators of atrocity crimes; however, these actions are not preventative but reactive in nature. No atrocities crime trial has ever prevented the next genocide, and no sanctions or punishment can bring back the dead or undo the trauma that extends across multiple generations. Indeed, the trauma of atrocity crimes in the distant past are often the forgotten seeds for the next wave of violence and inhumanity of the future.
If we are to truly adopt strategies that are effective, far reaching, and decisive in preventing atrocity crimes, then our priorities must be re-oriented to the opposite end of the spectrum, where the seeds of the next genocide are cultivated. Our responsibility in complying with foundational human rights documents should be measured not solely by our success at responding, investigating, and prosecuting atrocity crimes, but by our efforts in supporting institutions, initiatives, and actions that have a positive influence in preventing all forms of inhumanity. The most effective strategy at preventing the next genocide is centered on actions and policies that interrupt and reduce the risk of escalation at the earliest stages of inhumanity.
Cambodia recently removed human rights days from public calendars. I think we should reconsider this collective decision. Cambodia has achieved extraordinary success in its genocide education programme, which is the essence of atrocity crimes prevention. And so, to capitalize on this success and Cambodia’s regional and even global leadership in this area, we should hold an annual dialogue on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) closes its doors, there is no better time than now to preserve Cambodia’s leadership and momentum in realizing the core objectives of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is proud of the support it has given to the ECCC’s work, which was fundamental to giving victims an opportunity to participate in the justice process and realize some sense of closure from the Khmer Rouge genocide. DC-Cam is also eager to support an annual conference on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As we commemorate this Human Rights Day, we would be mindful to recognize our fundamental human rights documents are not only universal commitments, but also standards for evaluating the kind of world we are leaving for the next generation.
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Youk Chhang is Executive Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia. The Center dedicating to Justice, Memory, and Healing for survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide.
Photo above: Children at Angkor Wat, 1979. After the collapse of the Khmer Rouge regime on 7 January 1979, hundreds of thousands of children were left orphaned. From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge led Cambodia into tragedy causing the deaths of over 2 million people. Although two millions were killed, five millions more survived to tell their story. The perpetrators of these crimes also survived. Photo: Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives.
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