Biographic28,821
Bibliographic93,161
Record No
លេខឯកសារ
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VPA-KR0003 | |
Name
ឈ្មោះ
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Nhakk Sok
ញ៉ាក់ សុខ
| |
Gender
ភេទ
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Male
ភេទ: ប្រុស
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|
Date Of Birth
ថ្ងៃ-ខែ-ឆ្នាំកំណើត
|
1954 | |
Nationality
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Khmer
|
|
Ethnicity
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Khmer
|
|
Birth Place
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Chang Hap village, Kbal Damrei commune, Sambo district, Kratie province
|
|
Occupation
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Farmer
|
|
Current Address
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Chang Hap village, Kbal Damrei commune, Sambo district, Kratie province
|
|
Mode Participation
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Civil Party
|
|
Request Protective Measures
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No;
|
|
Prefer form of Reparation
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School
|
|
Main Crime Date
កាលបរិច្ឆេទឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មសំខាន់ៗ
|
1978 |
Main Crime Location
|
In early 1975, my younger brother, Nhakk At, was forced to enlist in the army in Kratie region by a cooperative chief of Chang Hap village named Thean. From the moment he left our house, I never heard from him again. In mid 1978, I witnessed two Khmer Rouge security men of Sambo District, named Chhay and An, arrest and imprison people in O Brateal security center (a security center of Sambo District). During that time, Chhay and An called upon and interrogated one prisoner. Then both of them blindfolded that prisoner with Krama [a traditional Cambodian scarf] in front of a pit five meters square and two meters in depth. They then beat that prisoner with iron bars until he fell into the pit, where he was buried. To my knowledge, the prisoners detained there committed moral offenses, had talked favorably about the Vietnamese, damaged equipment while plowing the fields and fork, and stole rice, potatoes, and bananas. Under the Khmer Rouge regime, from April 17, 1975 to January 06, 1979, the traditions of the ethnic Mil were eliminated. The Khmer Rouge forced people to work day and night and provided only rice soup for nutrition in a communal dining hall. |
Others Crime
|
Additional information collected on April 20, 2010
Evacuation
In late 1974, a commune chief, Ta Chhorn, sent a messenger named My to arrest me and a group of approximately seven to eight youths. They (walked us across the forest) from five a.m. to five p.m. towards Koh Dek Po of Village 2, Koh Khe Commune, Sambo District, Kratie Province. When we arrived there, a unit chief (whose name [I] do not remember) and two people, who grew corn and beans, came to meet us. Then, comrade My (deceased) returned. After living there for five months, a unit chief put me to work growing potatoes and corn from dawn to dusk and made each of my group members, consisting of ten people whose names I do not remember, guard the crops for one hour during nighttime.
One day, when I had malaria and coughed terribly, the unit chief sent me by boat to a hospital in Sambo District. When I arrived at the hospital, the hospital chief named Mean asked me about my condition and treated me at seven p.m. that night. I recovered after being hospitalized for a week. In 1975, after curing my disease, Mean asked me about my background, and whether I was upper class or middle class. I responded that I was middle class. Then he asked me whether I could ride a bicycle. I said that I could. After answering that question, I was put to work transporting medicine every day by bicycle from Kratie provincial hospital to a hospital in Sambo District. The distance was approximately thirty kilometers.
Once, in 1976, I could not deliver the medicine on time because I had a flat tire and had to sleep along the way that night. When I arrived, comrade Mean warned me that if I could not accomplish the assigned task next time, they would re-educate me. From that moment until the liberation by the Vietnamese in 1979, I tried to work hard and was never late delivering the medicine.
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Date Completion of Form
កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការបំពេញបែបបទ
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20071128 | |
Petitioner
អ្នកដាក់ញ្ញាត់
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No; | |
Copyright: | © DC-CAM | |
រក្សាសិទ្ធិដោយ: | © មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឯកសារកម្ពុជា |
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Biographic28,821
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Date
1970 to 197515,209
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1995 to 20001,254
2000 to 20104,840
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Credit Line: Documentation Center of Cambodia's Archives.
"Documentation Center of Cambodia's Archives"
This website was funded in part by a grant (Documentation and Democracy) from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.
Concept by Ean Panharith and Youk Chhang
© 2023 Documentation Center of Cambodia
The Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide
By Youk Chhang
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stands alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as one of the key pillars of international human rights law, and for this Human Rights Day in 2022, I want to highlight the critical importance of the responsibility to prevent atrocity crimes, which includes genocide. When atrocity crimes occur, there is an immediate need to stop these atrocious acts, followed by the equally urgent tasks of documenting, investigating, and ultimately prosecuting the perpetrators. However, from 1948 to today, we have not given enough attention to true prevention.
Atrocity crimes do not occur in a vacuum. There is a long chain of events and conditions that precede atrocity crimes. Isolation, segregation, and discrimination frequently, if not always, precede the rationalization of atrocity crimes against a group of people. And before people are discriminated against, they must be dehumanized. The process of dehumanization depends upon rationalizing hatred and distrust, and these processes are precipitated by misinformation, fueled by uninformed biases, stereotypes, and exploitative actors. They are also frequently dependent upon the disintegration, corruption, or lack of development of critical institutions, in particular institutions dedicated to dialogue and education. It is here that we must dedicate our greatest attention.
Since 1948, we have made great strides toward taking actions that interrupt, mitigate, and to a very limited extent, punish the chief perpetrators of atrocity crimes; however, these actions are not preventative but reactive in nature. No atrocities crime trial has ever prevented the next genocide, and no sanctions or punishment can bring back the dead or undo the trauma that extends across multiple generations. Indeed, the trauma of atrocity crimes in the distant past are often the forgotten seeds for the next wave of violence and inhumanity of the future.
If we are to truly adopt strategies that are effective, far reaching, and decisive in preventing atrocity crimes, then our priorities must be re-oriented to the opposite end of the spectrum, where the seeds of the next genocide are cultivated. Our responsibility in complying with foundational human rights documents should be measured not solely by our success at responding, investigating, and prosecuting atrocity crimes, but by our efforts in supporting institutions, initiatives, and actions that have a positive influence in preventing all forms of inhumanity. The most effective strategy at preventing the next genocide is centered on actions and policies that interrupt and reduce the risk of escalation at the earliest stages of inhumanity.
Cambodia recently removed human rights days from public calendars. I think we should reconsider this collective decision. Cambodia has achieved extraordinary success in its genocide education programme, which is the essence of atrocity crimes prevention. And so, to capitalize on this success and Cambodia’s regional and even global leadership in this area, we should hold an annual dialogue on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) closes its doors, there is no better time than now to preserve Cambodia’s leadership and momentum in realizing the core objectives of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is proud of the support it has given to the ECCC’s work, which was fundamental to giving victims an opportunity to participate in the justice process and realize some sense of closure from the Khmer Rouge genocide. DC-Cam is also eager to support an annual conference on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As we commemorate this Human Rights Day, we would be mindful to recognize our fundamental human rights documents are not only universal commitments, but also standards for evaluating the kind of world we are leaving for the next generation.
—————
Youk Chhang is Executive Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia. The Center dedicating to Justice, Memory, and Healing for survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide.
Photo above: Children at Angkor Wat, 1979. After the collapse of the Khmer Rouge regime on 7 January 1979, hundreds of thousands of children were left orphaned. From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge led Cambodia into tragedy causing the deaths of over 2 million people. Although two millions were killed, five millions more survived to tell their story. The perpetrators of these crimes also survived. Photo: Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives.
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