Biographic28,821
Bibliographic93,160
ID: | Y01062 | ||||
Name
ឈ្មោះ
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Nuon Chea (BKI 147, p. 532)
(BKI 147, p. 532)
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Other Name
ឈ្មោះហៅក្រៅ
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Prahoc ;notes: "Nuon Chea used to be called Ta Prahoc, because he used to like eating prahoc" (BKI 1
(BKI 1
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Source of Documents / Information
ប្រភពនៃឯកសារ/ពត៌មាន
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BKI 147, p. 532 / BKI 123 A, p. 186 / BKI 85, pp. 204-205 / BKI, p. 474 / BKI 159, pp. 395-396, 400-402, 423-424 / BKI 205, pp. 3294-95 / BKI 204, pp. 3257-3260, 3263, 3265 / BKI 202, pp. 3229-3232, 3
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Gender
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Male (BKI, p. 400) ~ (EB, W
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ភេទ
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ប្រុស (BKI, p. 400) ~ (EB, W
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Physical Characteristics
បុគ្គលិកលក្ខណៈ
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Pre DK Education
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.246 ;notes: former achar (BKI 85, p. 204) ~ ;notes: high school and university in Bangkok (EB, WWO, p. 213)
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Pre DK Education
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.246 ;notes: former achar (BKI 85, p. 204)
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កំរិតសិក្សាមុនរបបខ្មែរក្រហម
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Birth Place
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Battambang (EB, WWO, p. 213)
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Death Place: |
KR Rank Pre 75-79
តួនាទី មុនរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975)
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In charge of the political side (BKI 205, p. 3295) ~ elected to No. 2 position in Worker's Party of Kampuchea, 1960???? (EB, WWO, p. 107-8) ~ Department Secretary, Central Committee, 1963???? (BKI 1313A, pp. 316)
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KR Rank 75-79
តួនាទីក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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Member of the CPK Standing Committee (BKI 147, p. 532) ~ Deputy Secretary of CPK (EB, WWO, p. 187) ~ appointed temporary replacement for Pol Pot as prime minister, 197609?? (EB, WWO, p. 278) ~ CPK Deputy Secretary-General, 1975???? (BK, PPR, p. 33) ~ President, Cambodian People's Representative Assembly Standing Committee, 1976???? (BK, PPR, p. 326) ~ member of Standing Committee
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DK Zone 75-79
ទីតាំងភូមិសាស្រ្តរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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DK ORG Unit 75-79
អង្គភាពក្នុងរបបខ្មែរក្រហម(1975-79)
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Standing Committee of the CPRA (BKI, p. 474)
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Activities
សកម្មភាពមុនឆ្នាំ
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former Communist Party of Thailand member (BKI 85, p. 204) ~ spoke Thai (BKI 85, p. 204) ~ "regarded cities as the enemy and wanted to rely on agriculture" (BKI 85, p. 205) ~ attended 1960 meeting in railway station, voted for Pol Pot as "party secretary-general" (BKI 159, p. 396) ~ "Taught about important policies" at political training course in Phnom Penh; students there were members of district standing committees, deputy secretaries, and secretaries of districts, 1977???? (BKI 205, p. 3294-3295) ~ spoke at meeting attended by secretaries of every district, region, and zone in the country. Spoke about the "careful line of screening," meaning the purging of "internal agents in the Party, in the armed forces, in the various organizations and ministries, in the government, and among the masses of the people." Spoke of "eight points" meaning the eight principles for reordering Cambodian society. The meeting was held at the Technical University in Phnom Penh. "Nuon Chea said that building socialism in Kampuchea consisted of two parts, agriculture and industry. Agriculture, he said, in 10 to 15 years would be tumnerp (modernized)by means of vithyeasas (scientific)methods, by preparing irrigation dams and canals all over the country", 19750520-19750525 (BKI 204, pp. 357-358) ~ Nuon Chea's behavior was somewhat coarse (BKI 204, p. 3263) ~ taught (with Pol Pot)at annual political training sessions in Phnom Penh, 1975-1977. The 1975 course was for district secretaries (700 people)at Olympic Stadium. November. 1976 course taught at Sports Stadium (Borei Keila). 1977 course taught at Borei Keila in November (for one month). "Nuon Chea and Pol Pot were always in agreement. As one; a single principle" (BKI 204, p. 3265) ~ presided over national meeting at which the Center's plan for the country was articulated, 19750520 (BKI 202, p. 3229) ~ made speeches putting the Center's plan forward to representatives of every part of the county (BKI 202, p. 3246) ~ talked about the need to wipe out (lup bombat)all monks and wipe out religion (BKI 202, p. 3230) ~ "Pol Pot and Nuon Chea had no differences about this (religion issue). Clearly the same, no difference. Mostly it was Nuon Chea who did the talking. Nuon Chea was the one who did the consciousness work, the propaganda" (BKI 202, p. 3230) ~ "Nuon Chea spoke on all the documents, the consciousness work was Nuon Chea alone" (BKI 202, p. 3246) ~ spoke about "the need to evacuate Vietnamese residents from Cambodia back to their country", about the abolition of money, "all these news were mostly distributed by Nuon Chea" (BKI 202, p. 3231) ~ "what methods were to be used (to implement the general principles): it was Nuon Chea who announced this" (BKI 202, p. 3231) ~ Nuon Chea used the phrase komchat puok rottekar cas (scattering the former members of the old government)to talk about killing Lon Nol soldiers (BKI 202, p. 3231) ~ talked about wiping out money, markets (BKI 202, p. 3232) ~ said it was most important to "look after" (i.e. kill)people coming from Vietnam (BKI 202, p. 3233) ~ attended annual Center Congress meetings in Eastern Zone bases, 1962????-1963???? (BKI 202, p. 3245) ~ attended Meeting of Party Center, March 30, 1976. Assigned position of President, the National Assembly (PPP, p. 7) ~ in charge of the party's organizations, including new political training school and youth league, 1975???? (EB, WWO, p. 213) ~ gave a speech at Conference Phnom Penh, 19750520 ;notes: speech concerned how to build socialism in Kampuchea, using agriculture and industry. And mentioned having to "take care to carefully screen internal agents (samrit samrainh phtey khnong)in the party, in the armed forces, in the various organizations and ministries, in the government, and among the masses of the people" (BK, PPR, pp. 56-57) ~ gave speech at Center political meeting, Phnom Penh, 19751??? ;notes: date is either in 197511?? or 197512?? (BK, PPR, p. 101) ~ attended conference in Western Zone, 197707?? ;notes: complained to party cadres that "enemies and various classes" controlled a "fair number" of cooperatives in the Zone and recommended that backgrounds of all party officials, including at the Zone level, had to be reviewed. Purges resulted (BK, PPR, p. 347) ~ went to Phum Bos with Pol Pot, 1966????-1967????
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Associates
អ្នកជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធដ៏ទៃទៀត
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Pol Pot (BKI 147, p. 532) ~ Ieng Sary (BKI 147, p.532) ~ So Phim (BKI 147, p. 532) ~ Ros Nhim (BKI 159, p. 395) ~ Mok, 1960???? (BKI 159, p. 395) ~ Pol Pot (BKI 204, p. 3263) ~ Pol Pot ;notes: "On May 20, 1975 it was the general plan. There were Pol Pot and Nuon Chea who made speeches about the documents, put the plan to the national meeting. They held this conference in order to distribute the plan. It was Pol Pot and Nuon Chea who did the speaking about the plan" (BKI 202, p. 3229) ~ Ieng Sary (PPP, p. 7) ~ Vorn Vet (PPP, p. 7) ~ Son Sen (PPP, p. 7) ~ Ros Nhim (PPP, p. 7) ~ Penn Nouth (PPP, p. 7) ~ Khieu Samphan (PPP, p. 7) ~ Chhit Choeun (PPP, p. 7) ~ So Phim (PPP, p. 7) ~ Pol Pot (PPP, p. 7)
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Resistance
សកម្មភាពប្រឆាំង
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Superiors
អ្នកដឹកនាំ
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Copyright
រក្សាសិទ្ធិដោយ
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© DC-CAM | |
© មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឯកសារកម្ពុជា |
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Biographic28,821
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1970 to 197515,209
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1995 to 20001,254
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This website was funded in part by a grant (Documentation and Democracy) from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.
Concept by Ean Panharith and Youk Chhang
© 2023 Documentation Center of Cambodia
The Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide
By Youk Chhang
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stands alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as one of the key pillars of international human rights law, and for this Human Rights Day in 2022, I want to highlight the critical importance of the responsibility to prevent atrocity crimes, which includes genocide. When atrocity crimes occur, there is an immediate need to stop these atrocious acts, followed by the equally urgent tasks of documenting, investigating, and ultimately prosecuting the perpetrators. However, from 1948 to today, we have not given enough attention to true prevention.
Atrocity crimes do not occur in a vacuum. There is a long chain of events and conditions that precede atrocity crimes. Isolation, segregation, and discrimination frequently, if not always, precede the rationalization of atrocity crimes against a group of people. And before people are discriminated against, they must be dehumanized. The process of dehumanization depends upon rationalizing hatred and distrust, and these processes are precipitated by misinformation, fueled by uninformed biases, stereotypes, and exploitative actors. They are also frequently dependent upon the disintegration, corruption, or lack of development of critical institutions, in particular institutions dedicated to dialogue and education. It is here that we must dedicate our greatest attention.
Since 1948, we have made great strides toward taking actions that interrupt, mitigate, and to a very limited extent, punish the chief perpetrators of atrocity crimes; however, these actions are not preventative but reactive in nature. No atrocities crime trial has ever prevented the next genocide, and no sanctions or punishment can bring back the dead or undo the trauma that extends across multiple generations. Indeed, the trauma of atrocity crimes in the distant past are often the forgotten seeds for the next wave of violence and inhumanity of the future.
If we are to truly adopt strategies that are effective, far reaching, and decisive in preventing atrocity crimes, then our priorities must be re-oriented to the opposite end of the spectrum, where the seeds of the next genocide are cultivated. Our responsibility in complying with foundational human rights documents should be measured not solely by our success at responding, investigating, and prosecuting atrocity crimes, but by our efforts in supporting institutions, initiatives, and actions that have a positive influence in preventing all forms of inhumanity. The most effective strategy at preventing the next genocide is centered on actions and policies that interrupt and reduce the risk of escalation at the earliest stages of inhumanity.
Cambodia recently removed human rights days from public calendars. I think we should reconsider this collective decision. Cambodia has achieved extraordinary success in its genocide education programme, which is the essence of atrocity crimes prevention. And so, to capitalize on this success and Cambodia’s regional and even global leadership in this area, we should hold an annual dialogue on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) closes its doors, there is no better time than now to preserve Cambodia’s leadership and momentum in realizing the core objectives of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is proud of the support it has given to the ECCC’s work, which was fundamental to giving victims an opportunity to participate in the justice process and realize some sense of closure from the Khmer Rouge genocide. DC-Cam is also eager to support an annual conference on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. As we commemorate this Human Rights Day, we would be mindful to recognize our fundamental human rights documents are not only universal commitments, but also standards for evaluating the kind of world we are leaving for the next generation.
—————
Youk Chhang is Executive Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia. The Center dedicating to Justice, Memory, and Healing for survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide.
Photo above: Children at Angkor Wat, 1979. After the collapse of the Khmer Rouge regime on 7 January 1979, hundreds of thousands of children were left orphaned. From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge led Cambodia into tragedy causing the deaths of over 2 million people. Although two millions were killed, five millions more survived to tell their story. The perpetrators of these crimes also survived. Photo: Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives.
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